By Dr. Arief Hamid.
Infant male circumcision, the surgical removal of the foreskin covering the head of the penis, is one of the most common medical procedures performed worldwide. Rooted in religious, cultural, and medical practices, it continues to generate debate among medical professionals, ethicists, and parents. This article outlines the advantages, disadvantages, and techniques of this procedure.
Advantages of Infant Circumcision
1. Health Benefits
Reduced Risk of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Studies show that circumcised infants have a significantly lower risk of UTIs during their first year of life. UTIs in infants can lead to kidney infections and other complications.
Prevention of Penile Problems
Circumcision can prevent conditions such as phimosis (tight foreskin that cannot be retracted) and balanitis (inflammation of the foreskin and glans).
Reduced Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Research indicates that circumcision lowers the risk of acquiring certain STIs, including HIV, herpes, and human papillomavirus (HPV), later in life.
Decreased Risk of Penile Cancer
Although rare, penile cancer occurs less frequently in circumcised males.
2. Hygiene
Removal of the foreskin simplifies genital hygiene, reducing the risk of infections and irritation caused by smegma, a substance that can buildup under the foreskin.
3. Cultural and Religious Significance
Circumcision holds deep religious and cultural value for many communities, serving as a rite of passage or fulfilling religious obligations.
Disadvantages of Infant Circumcision
1. Risks of Surgery
As with any surgical procedure, circumcision carries risks, including bleeding, infection, and poor wound healing. Although complications are rare, they can occur.
2. Pain and Discomfort
Even with the use of local anaesthesia, infants may experience pain during and after the procedure. Adequate pain management is essential.
Techniques of Infant Circumcision
1. Gomco Clamp
This technique involves placing a metal clamp over the foreskin to protect the glans during removal. It is one of the most widely used methods and typically results in minimal bleeding.
2. Plastibell Device
A plastic ring is placed under the foreskin, and a ligature is tied around it to cut off blood supply. The foreskin then falls off along with the ring within 7-10 days. This method minimizes the need for sutures.
3. Mogen Clamp
The foreskin is pulled forward through a flat clamp, and a scalpel is used to remove it. This method is quick and effective but requires careful technique to avoid injury to the glans.
Conclusion
Infant male circumcision has both advantages and disadvantages, making it a highly personal decision for parents. Health benefits include reduced risks of infections and certain diseases. When performed, choosing an experienced practitioner and a safe technique is crucial to ensuring the best outcomes. Parents should carefully weigh the medical, cultural, and ethical considerations and consult healthcare professionals to make an informed choice.
